Avilam Tablet
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Indications
Lamivudine in combination with other antiretroviral agents is indicated for the treatment of HIV infection.
Interaction
The possibility of interactions with other medicinal products administered concurrently should be considered, particularly when the main route of elimination is active renal secretion. Administration of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 160 mg/800 mg results in a 40% increase in Lamivudine exposure. Lamivudine and zalcitabine may inhibit the intracellular phosphorylation of one another. Therefore, use of Lamivudine in combination with zalcitabine is not recommended.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to Lamivudine or to any of the excipients.
Side Effects
The following adverse events have been reported during therapy for HIV disease with Lamivudine.Blood and lymphatic systems disorders-
Uncommon: Neutropenia, anaemia and thrombocytopenia
Very rare: Pure red cell aplasia
Nervous system disorders-
Common: Headache, insomnia
Very rare: Cases of peripheral neuropathy (or paraesthesia).
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders
Common: Cough, nasal symptoms-
Gastrointestinal disorders-
Common: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain or cramps, diarrhea
Rare: Rises in serum amylase. Cases of pancreatitis have been reported.
Hepatobiliary disorders-
Uncommon: Transient rises in liver enzymes (AST, ALT).
Rare: Hepatitis
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders-
Common: Rash, alopecia
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders-
Common: Arthralgia, muscle disorders
Rare: Rhabdomyolysis, Lipodystrophy
General disorders and administration site conditions-
Common: Fatigue, malaise, fever.
Cases of lactic acidosis, usually associated with severe hepatomegaly and hepatic steatosis, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogues.
Dosage
Adults and adolescents over 12 years of age: The recommended dose for HIV infection is 300 mg daily. This is administered as 150 mg twice daily.Children:
Three months to 12 years of age: The recommended dose for HIV infection is 4 mg/kg twice daily up to a maximum of 300 mg daily.
Less than three months of age: The limited data available are insufficient to propose specific dosage recommendations.
Administration
Lamivudine may be administered with or without food.
Pregnancy Cat
Pregnancy Category C. The safety of Lamivudine in human pregnancy has not been established.Lactation: Following oral administration Lamivudine excreted in breast milk at similar concentrations to those found in serum. That’s why it is recommended that mothers taking Lamivudine do not breast-feed their infants.
Precautions
Lamivudin is not recommended for use as monotherapy. In pediatric patients with a history of prior antiretroviral nucleoside exposure, a history of pancreatitis, or other significant risk factors for the development of pancreatitis, Lamivudine should be used with caution. Treatment with Lamivudine should be stopped immediately if clinical signs, symptoms, or laboratory abnormalities suggestive of pancreatitis occurLactic Acidosis/Severe Hepatomegaly with Steatosis: Lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatal cases, have been reported with the use of nucleoside analogues alone or in combination, including Lamivudine and other antiretrovirals. A majority of these cases have been in women. Obesity and prolonged nucleoside exposure may be risk factors. Particular caution should be exercised when administering Lamivudine to any patient with known risk factors for liver disease.In patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, the dose should be adjusted. Patients receiving Lamivudin or any other antiretroviral therapy may continue to develop opportunistic infections and other complications of HIV infection, and therefore should remain under close clinical observation by physicians experienced in the treatment of patients with associated HIV diseases.
Overdose Effects
n/a
Drug Classes
Drugs for HIV / Anti-retroviral drugs
Storage Conditions
Tablet: Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light and moisture.Oral Solution: Store in a cool and dry place, protect from light.
Composition
n/a
Mode Of Action
Lamivudine is a synthetic nucleoside analogue. Lamivudine is phosphorylated intracellularly to lamivudine triphosphate. Incorporation of the monophosphate form into viral DNA occurs by hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase. As a result DNA chain is terminated. Lamivudine triphosphate also inhibits the RNA and DNA dependent DNA polymerase activities of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Lamivudine triphosphate is a very weak inhibitor of mammalian alpha, beta, and gamma-DNA polymerases.
Reconstitution
n/a
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